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Freezer and Refrigerator

A freezer is generally used to describe an appliance that keeps foods frozen. Freezers are common as household units for storing food but are also used in commercial settings. Most Freezers operate around -18°C (0°F).

Domestic freezers can be included with a refrigerator or can be stand alone units. Domestic freezers are generally upright units, resembling a refrigerator, or a chest, which resemble an upright unit laid on its back.
Early refrigerator models (1916 and on) featured a cold compartment for ice cube trays. Successful processing of fresh vegetables through freezing began in the late 1920s by the Postum Company (the forerunner of General Foods) which had acquired the technology when it bought the rights to Clarence Birdseye’s successful fresh freezing methods.

The first successful example of the benefits of frozen foods occurred when General Foods heiress Marjorie Meriwether Post (then wife of Joseph E. Davies, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union ) deployed commercial grade freezers to Spasso House (US Embassy) in Moscow in advance of the Davies’ arrival. Post, fearful of the food processing safety observed in the USSR, then fully stocked the freezers with product processed from General Foods Birdseye unit. The frozen food stores allowed the Davies’ to lavishly entertain and serve fresh frozen foods that would otherwise be out of season. Upon returning from Moscow, Post (who resumed her maiden name after divorcing Davies) directed General Foods to market frozen product to upscale restaurants.
Introduction of home freezer units occurred in the United States in 1940, and frozen foods began to make the transistion from luxury to necessity.

Early freezer units accumulated ice crystals around the freezing units. This was a result of humidity introduced into the units when the doors to the freezer was opened. This build up of frost required the periodic thawing of the units, to maintain their efficiency. Advances in frost-free refrigeration eliminated the thawing task were introduced in the 1950s.

Later advances included automatic ice units and self compartmentalized freezing units.
A refrigerator (often shortened to fridge) is an electrical or gas appliance that uses refrigeration to help preserve food. A domestic refrigerator is present in 99.5% of American homes. It works using phase change heat pumps operating in a refrigeration cycle. An industrial refrigerator is simply a refrigerator used in an industrial setting, usually in a restaurant or supermarket.

They may consist of either a cooling compartment only (a larger refrigerator) or a freezing compartment only (a freezer) or contain both. The dual compartment was introduced commercially by General Electric in 1939. Some refrigerators are now divided into four zones for the storage of different types of food:
-18º (0º) (freezer)
0º (32º) (meats)
4º (40º) (refrigerator)
10º (50º) (vegetables)
The capacity of a refrigerator is measured in litres (or cubic feet). Typically the freezer volume is 100 litres (this will vary) and the refrigerator 140 litres.

Counter/cabinet depth

Counter/cabinet depth: a refrigerator can be approximately 30 inches deep as opposed to approximately 35 inches deep like a normal refrigerator. This allows the unit to be more flush with surrounding cabinets. A counter depth refrigerator tends to come at a steep price premium despite providing less capacity.
Built under: refrigerators and freezers which can be installed under the counter top. Often known as a Bar Fridge it is used in personal bars as a means to cool beverages.
Integrated.
In-Column refrigerators or freezers: these are built into a tall cabinet in your kitchen furniture. The appliance is built in to your kitchen so that it looks like a normal cupboard. Getting the right size refrigerator is very important when choosing integrated.

Door situation

Eye level freezer refrigerator (or top mount).
Bottom freezer refrigerator (or bottom mount). The freezer is generally bigger and the refrigerator has two independent motor-compressors.
French door (or trio). Similar to bottom freezer, but the refrigerator (top) section has two doors that swing outward like a kitchen pantry.
Side-by-side. The unit is divided into two tall compartments, with the freezer on the left and the refrigerator on the right.
Wide-by-side. Similar to side-by-side, but the refrigerator compartment is wider at eye level and becomes narrow at the bottom. Allows the convenience of a side-by-side, but able to fit wider items in the refrigerator. Made popular by Maytag.
Single door. Originally, most units featured only one door, with the freezer compartment located within the larger refrigerator compartment. Beginning in the early 1960s manufactures began offering units with separate freezer compartments, which gradually took over the market. One-door models, though still manufactured, are now rare in full size. This style is still common with small half-size refrigerators.

Some newer refrigerators may feature:
An LCD suggesting what types of food should be stored at what temperatures and the expiration date of the food stored.
Filter Status Indicator tells you when it's time for a change.
An in-door ice caddie, which relocates the icemaker storage to the freezer door and saves approximately 2 cubic feet (60 L) of usable freezer space. It is also removable, and helps to prevent icemaker clogging. In-door ice caddies are exclusive to side-by-side refrigerators.
A cooling zone in the refrigerator door shelves. Air from the freezer section is diverted to the refrigerator door, helping to keep milk or juice in the door shelf colder.
A power failure warning, alerting the user to the failure, usually by flashing the temperature display. The maximum temperature reached during the power failure may be displayed, along with information on whether the frozen food has defrosted or may contain harmful bacteria.
Frost-free operation. Over time atmospheric water vapor condenses onto the cooling coils as ice, which can eventually build up into a layer several centimeters thick. This can be removed by emptying the refrigerator and turning it off so that the ice melts. In a refrigerator equipped for frost-free operation, a heater and a thermostat are fitted around the cooling coils. The cooling is periodically switched off (varies between every 6 to 24 hours depending on model) and the heater turned on until the temperature around the coils slightly exceeds the freezing point of water, after which normal cooling is resumed. This melts any ice which has collected around the coils and prevents it from building up.
An increasingly important environmental concern is the disposal of old refrigerators - initially because of the Freon coolant damaging the ozone layer, but as the older generation of refrigerators disappears it is the destruction of CFC-bearing insulation which causes concern. Modern refrigerators usually use a refrigerant called HFC-134a (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane) instead of Freon, which has no ozone layer depleting properties.

Disposal of discarded refrigerators is very often strictly regulated by municipalities, by mandating the removal of doors, as many children playing hide-and-seek have been asphyxiated while hiding inside a discarded refrigerator.

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Freezer and Refrigerator

Vacuum cleaner and Washing machine